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The Chilling Effect: A Silent Curse on Free Speech

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  INTRODUCTION The chilling effect means people refrain from speaking up or expressing their views, thoughts, opinions, or criticism on any matter, especially government matters, not because what they are saying is illegal, but because the law is very vague. The definition of hate speech is very unclear, subjective, and broad, so people fear legal consequences even for lawful speech, which gives a chilling effect on freedom of speech. Multiple interpretations of hate speech led people to be overly cautious or even silent about their lack of speaking up; this is a clear infringement of Article 19(1)(a), which is freedom of speech. HOW VAGUE LAWS CREATE THIS FEAR? Unclear language  As we don't have any clear definition of hate speech and use only generic or undefined terms like offensive, annoying, obscene, hatred, disharmony, etc., this creates confusion and results in a chilling effect on free speech. Self censorship To avoid the legal consequences, people censor themselves an...
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Breaking the Silence: Domestic Violence Against Men in India

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By:Gurleen kaur Domestic violence has become a common term in global households to describe the cruelty suffered by women all over the world. While women are disproportionately affected by domestic violence around the world, the number of men suffering from it is growing by the day. Abuse can be physical, emotional, or psychological in intimate relationships.  There are numerous such cases that go unnoticed, misunderstood, underreported, and frequently dismissed. Men also avoid coming forward because of social stigma and societal fear. However, a recent Delhi High Court case, Jyoti alias Kittu v. State Govt. Of NCT of Delhi (2025), has taken a significant step toward recognizing that men, like women, are victims of domestic violence and deserve equal legal protection. Understanding Domestic Violence Against Men When we hear about men who have been victims of domestic violence, we immediately wonder how this is possible.  But we have to admit that men can also be ab...
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Waqf property in India: what happens to it after the 2025 amendments?

By: Gurleen kaur If we talk about waqf properties in india they have become an asset now which are permanently dedicated for religious or charitable purposes under Islamic law. These properties are made to serve the community forever and are only managed by waqf board in each state. In India the total number of registered waqf properties are 8 lakh which makes India a largest country  with waqf assets in the world. But these large counting bring some issues along with it like mismanagement, illegal occupation, and lack of transparency in the administration of waqf. To address these issues the Indian government introduced major reforms through the waqf (amendment) acg, 2025. This amendment has brought significant changes in how waqf properties are handled and protected. Important changes in waqf property management 1. End of 'waqf by user': Prior to the amendment, a property could be declared waqf if it was used for religious purposes for an extended period of time, even withou...
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